show a comparison between DOS (COMMAND.COM and WinNT CMD.EXE shell commands) and the equivalent Linux/Unix or Bash shell commands.
💡 tri (dos - unix) possible et liens wiki
| DOS Command | UNIX Command | Action |
|---|---|---|
| DIR | ls -l (-a all files)
df -k |
list directory contents (space remaining on filesystem) |
| DIR *.* /o-d DIR *.* /os DIR /s DIR /aa |
ls -tr ls -lS ls -l | sort +4n ls -R ls -a |
list dir. contents by reverse time list files and size list files and size (Solaris) list directory/sub-directory contents recursively. list hidden files |
| TREE | ls -R | list directory recursivly |
| CD | cd | change directory |
| MKDIR MD |
mkdir | make a new directory |
| SUBST | ln | create a file or directory link |
| RMDIR RD |
rmdir | remove a directory |
| CHDIR | pwd | display directory location |
| DEL ERASE |
rm -iv | remove a file |
| RMDIR /S (NT) DELTREE (Win 95...) |
rm -R | remove all directories and files below given directory |
| COPY | cp -piv | copy a file |
| XCOPY | cp -R | copy all file of directory recursivly |
| RENAME or MOVE | mv -iv | rename/move a file |
| TYPE | cat | display contents of a file |
| type | display the command name's path | |
| MORE | more | view the contents of a text file one screen |
| DIR fic.txt /s | find | find a file (fic.txt) in your computer find . -name fic.txt -print |
| HELP or COMMAND /? | man | online manuals |
| CLS | clear ctrl-l |
clear screen |
| EXIT EXIT0 |
exit exit 0 |
exit a shell |
| FIND FINDSTR |
grep | look for a word in files given in command line find . -name *.htm -exec grep WORD {} \; findstr /C:"word1 word2" file findstr /S /C:"word1 word2" file - + subdir findstr /I /S /C:"word1 word2" file - + ignore up/low |
| COMP | diff | compare two files and show differences |
| FC | diff, vimdiff | compare two files and show differences |
| SET | set and env | list all environment variables |
| SET variable=value echo %variable% |
set
export variable=value |
Set environment variables show environment variables |
| ECHO text | echo text | echo text to screen |
| SET variable | setenv (for C shell) or export VAR=val (for Korn shell. Also VAR=val) | set environment variables |
| PATH PATH %PATH%;C:\DIR |
echo $PATH PATH=$PATH:/dir |
display search path for executables. set PATH environment variable |
| PROMPT $p$g | export PS1='\h(\u)\W> ' | set user command prompt. |
| DATE or TIME | date | show date. (also set date - DOS only) |
| DOSKEY /h | history | list command history |
| DOSKEY NAME=command | alias NAME=command | set command alias |
| BREAK ON | trap | trap ctrl-break / Trap signals. |
| SORT | sort | sort data alphabetically/numerically |
| EDLIN | ed | line mode editor |
| EDIT filename.txt | vi | edit a file |
| BACKUP files A:\ | tar -cvf /dev/fd0 files
|
save files to floppy |
| RESTORE A:\ files | tar -xvf /dev/fd0 files
|
read files from floppy
|
| ATTRIB [+r|-r] [+a|-a] [+s|-s] [path\file] /s | chmod | change file permissions. DOS: +:set to -:remove r:Read only a:Archive s:System /s:recursively |
| ATTRIB +h or -h | mv file .file | change file to a hidden file - rename file with prefix "." |
| lp, lpr | print a file | |
| CALL COMMAND /C (DOS), CMD (NT) |
source script (cshrc) . script (bash) sh script |
execute script from within batch shell |
| MEM | free top |
show free memory on system |
| TASKLIST (WIN2K,...) | ps -aux top |
list executable name, process ID number and memory usage of active processes |
| lsmod ?? | show system info | |
| SCANDISK DEFRAG C: |
fsck |
check and repair file system |
| CHDISK | du -s | disk usage |
| FDISK | fdisk | tool to partition a hard drive |
| SUBST V: C:\directory\path | mount | mount a drive letter to a folder/directory on your hard drive |
| FORMAT | mkfs | format drive file system |
| VER | uname -a echo $SHELL cat /etc/issue |
operating system/shell version |
| pkzip | tar and zip | compress and uncompress files/directories. Use tar to create compilation of a directory before compressing. Linux also has compress, gzip |
| HOSTNAME | hostname | print host name of computer |
| PING | ping | send packets to a network host |
| TRACERT | traceroute | show routes and router hops to given network destination |
| IPCONFIG (NT) WINIPCFG (Win 95...) |
ifconfig |
display/configure network interface |
| NETSTAT | netstat | network statistics |
| NBTSTAT (Netbios info: -n, -c) NBTSTAT -A IP-address |
nslookup host-name host host-name |
print DNS info for host |
| NBTSTAT -a hostname | lookup NetBIOS names | |
| ROUTE PRINT | route -n | print routing table |
| NET HELP START | chkconfig --list |grep on | list services |
| NET STARTservice-name NET STOPservice-name |
service service-name start service service-name stop |
start/stop service/daemon |
| NET SHARES | df, mount | show mounted shares/filesystems |
| REBOOT | shutdown -r now | reboot system |
To find out how to do something on UNIX simply type "man -k subject_matter". This will do a key word search for all commands dealing with the subject matter. Then use the appropriate command.
Online manuals are available on all the commands by typing "man command_name"
| DOS Descriptor/Operator | UNIX or Bash Descriptor/Operator | Description |
|---|---|---|
| \ | / | directory path delimiter |
| .\ | ./ | current directory |
| ..\ | ../ | parent directory |
| ctrl-z | ctrl-d | end of file/close shell |
| ctrl-c | ctrl-c | interrupt/process break |
| * | * | file name wild card |
| ? | ? | single character wild card |
| %VAR% | $VAR | variable prefix |
| %1 %2 %3 | $1 $2 $3 | first, second and third shell command line arguments |
| / | - | command line option flag prefix |
| | | | | pipe |
| > | > | stdout redirection |
| >> | >> | stdout redirection overwrite |
| < | < | stdin redirection |
| DOS Operator | UNIX (or Bash) Operator | Description |
|---|---|---|
| @ ECHO OFF |
set +v | set verbose mode off. -v: Echo each line of shell script as it is executed |
| % | $ | command line argument prefix. DOS: %1 Bash: $1 for firs argument |
| REM | # | comment (= not processed) |
| == | = | string "equal to" comparison |
| !==! | != | string "not equal to" comparison |
| NOT | ! | negative of test expression |
| CHOICE | case | case/switch statement |
| IF
IF EXIST C:\filename IF NOT EXIST C:\filename |
if [[ test-resulting ]]; then ... elif ...; then ... else ... fi if [ -e /dir/filename ]; if [ ! -e /dir/filename ]; |
if-test
if file exists if file does not exist |
| GOTO ABC ... :ABC |
goto ABC ... :ABC |
branch |
| FOR ... IN ... DO
FOR %%fff IN (C:\dir\*.*) |
for file in list; do ...; done for (( expr1; expr2; expr3; )) |
for loop |
| ERRORLEVEL | $? | exit status/return code |
| PAUSE | sleep | sleep for specified interval |
The following are bash shell aliases which can be added to the system profile or the user's personal profile ($HOME/.bashrc) to correct and help DOS users on Linux.
| DOS Device | Linux Device | Description |
|---|---|---|
| NUL | /dev/null | send into nothingness |
| CON | stdin | stdin from console |
| PRN LPT1 |
/dev/lp0 | first printer device |
| COM1 | /dev/ttyS0 | first serial port |